Mother to Son and the Coora Flower free essay sample

In verse, more so than some other type of writing, getting sound, which means and subject are critical to understanding the work itself. On account of the sonnets â€Å"Mother to Son† by Langston Hughes and â€Å"The Coora Flower† by Gwendolyn Brooks these components, when vigorously engaged upon, permit the peruser to find the message that these journalists were endeavoring to pass on. Thought the two essayists utilize these components to their fullest to convey their particular messages, the strategy and messages fluctuate enormously. In the sonnet Mother to Son, Hughes tells the story of a mother addressing her child about existence and the difficulties that one must face to make it on the planet. Hughes utilizes stretched out representation to build up this view. In the second line he composes â€Å"Life for me ain’t been no gem stair†, which starts the similitude. He at that point continues to depict a mind-blowing step. With the lines, â€Å"It’s had tacks in it, and splinters, and blocks torn, and puts with no rug on the floor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he bolster the moms guarantee that like has not been a gem step case by utilizing the allegory to make an immediate correlation between defects in the flight of stairs and the entanglements throughout everyday life. We will compose a custom paper test on Mother to Son and the Coora Flower or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He proceeds with the line â€Å"bare† representing absolute bottom, nothingness, the nonappearance of significant worth. At that point sonnet at that point starts to ascend in real life to connote the proceeded with climb and the need to forge ahead, which is found in the accompanying lines; â€Å"I’se been a-climbin’ on,/and reachin’ landin’s,/and turnin’ corners,/and in some cases goin’ in the dark†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the storyteller states to the child again that they despite everything proceed to climb and that life was simple for them. The language and the line structure picked by Hughes help encourage the message. He utilize straightforward language yet can conjure compelling feelings from the peruser. The language would possibly lead the peruser to accept this is really a basic lady who needed to battle ordinarily of her life to make it. In the event that Hughes had utilized progressively formal language inside the work I do accept the state of mind would have been lost. The utilization of â€Å"And† toward the start of lines makes very nearly a venturing movement inside the musicality of the words. Lines four, five and six related to the utilization of â€Å"And† makes a sentiment of venturing or possibly tumbling down steps. Each lines depiction deteriorates until there is not much, which meant having nothing left to lose. At that point with lines ten, eleven and twelve the utilization of â€Å"And† makes the feeling of moving back up with a similar speed at which you fell. Line twelve closures the move in sound and makes a leveling off that concurs with the stroll through the dull expressed in the sonnet. This built up a temperament of circumspection, feeling things are. I thought this was an ideal case of topic and sound meeting up to help meaning. I particularly like the lines, â€Å"Don’t you set down on the means. /‘Cause you find it’s kinder hard. It shows that surrendering isn’t an alternative; that stopping is the path of least resistance and that proceeding to battle on and battle is what’s extremely troublesome. She solicits no more from the child than she would ask of herself since she realizes that it tends to be done, she had the option to achieve it herself. In Brooks’ sonnet The Coora Flower, she expounds on idealism and reality. The sonne t begins with the storyteller mentioning to the peruser what she found out about and afterward we are grabbed once more into reality with the lines, â€Å"Now I am getting back home. /This, at any rate, is Real, and what I know. The accompanying refrains develop the correlation between life in school which is the break and the life outside which is reality; â€Å"It was peaceful, adapting nothing essential. /School is a little excursion. In any event you can sleep†¦/But now it’s Real Business. I am Coming Home. † And as we read on we find that the truth is unforgiving, cool, agonizing and unwavering and that the other world is progressively hopeful, warm and freed. â€Å"My mother will be shouting in a practically messy dress. /The break is no more. So a Man will be in the house. /I should watch myself. /I should not set out to rest. These lines characterize reality inside the sonnet. Creeks likewise depends intensely on subtleties inside the structure and language to build up the message. The refrains that contain data about school are longer and well-spoken. The lines stream and are welcoming. At the point when the lines about the truth are perused they are short, cold and extremely pur poseful; they give a feeling of unbending nature. The language is exceptionally immediate and for some situation requesting â€Å"I must†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . All refrains about what’s â€Å"real† are two lines in length while the ones that emphasis on school are four lines in length. The announcements toward school appeared to be in effect negative to me. It was soothing, adapting nothing necessary†¦ At least you can sleep†, the utilization of â€Å"at least† in these lines and the line that follows are what made the negativity for me. It appeared as though she didn’t regard what went on in school since it wasn’t the brutality of her regular day to day existence. Capitalization is something that grabbed my eye. The word â€Å"Real† consistently has the main letter promoted, which to me built up a disposition of earnestness inside the explanations that contained it. I feel this is genuine the second utilization of â€Å"Coming Home† and â€Å"Man† in line fourteen. The exploitation of these words was deliberately picked to keep encouraging the topic and significance. There is one line in this sonnet grabbed my eye and expected me to rehash over and over to get what she genuinely implied that line is â€Å"which isn't liberated from grief†. From the start I thought it was simply concerning the past line â€Å"At least you can consider love or feeling your beau against you† yet upon different readings I understood this was regarding the entire verse. She’s alluding to the way that even beneficial things accompany their component of sorrow. I saw that as an intriguing thought and it shows that the storyteller may always be unable to discover harmony, possibly she blossoms with the difficulty and anguish that accompanies her life since that is all she knows. At the point when the two works are put one next to the other one would make some hard memories make an association between them. The facts demonstrate that the contrasts between the works are incredible however components exist in both; some minor, some major yet immeasurably significant. One could make the straightforward association both individual were African-American doesn’t give them the regard they merit. Additionally that association would need to be made off recorded references outside of the work since nothing in either work given you sign that they are African American. The association that ought to be made is that the both composed of affliction and difficulty; that both utilized components like structure, language, tone to pass on their message yet end the came out with altogether different view focuses. From a mental viewpoint the peruser can concentrate on the way that in Hughes’ sonnet the misfortune inside it was considered to be outer to the one relationship appeared. On account of Brooks the affliction was interior to the indicated relationship. In the two circumstances the authors own their material, you get the feeling that these works are consistent with life for them two. In any case, where Hughes’ work is engaging, Brooks’ work is disheartening on the grounds that you can’t see the promising finish to the present course of action for her storyteller you just she the chilly, cruel reality such is reality, which was her aim. Her story was never intended to inspire it was intended to discourage and dishearten. Indeed, even in her couple of seconds of euphoria, the storyteller despite everything could be upbeat since she knew at any second it could all end. The two scholars are fruitful at building up a state of mind and subject all through there works. I accept if these authors had a chance to plunk down with possibly they would see components of themselves in the other. In one case the youthful and still ideally individual and in the other solidify and frightened person that the youthful may turn into. Be that as it may, at long last these are my translations and it up to you to make your own. That’s the magnificent part about verse it’s distinctive for each and every individual who understands it.

The Norse Essay

The Norse Essay The Norse Essay The Norse The greater part of the Norse individuals lived on ranches and in longhouses that were around 30 meters in length (huge lobby like structures). The dividers were made of timber or stone and a thick turf rooftop to hold heat. In the extremely focal point of the house was the fire pit (hearth), to warm and give light to everybody inside. Relatives, live stock and ranch laborers all lived under a similar rooftop, and initially it was one single room yet in the long run they made it into a few rooms. The town individuals lived near one another and in houses made of wood, wattle and wipe, they had sufficient space for a yard, garbage pit and workshop. Shockingly the idea to be messy and boorish Vikings, were very neatly. Fancy brushes, utilized by people, were one of the most ordinarily discovered antiquities at their settlements. Likewise found at these settlements were bejeweled gold and silver clasps, rings and pieces of jewelry. Because of garments rotting more than a large number of years it was difficult to know precisely what the Norse individuals wore, yet dependent on antiquated compositions we can accept the Norse ladies wore woolen or material frocks with clasps. Ladies who were hitched likewise wore scarves on their heads. Men were thought to have worn woolen tunics over pants. Norse outfits likewise remembered shrouds and tops for winter. At the point when lady conceived an offspring, they were encircled by just ladies, and they were in stooping situation on the floor and as the birth advanced it was elbow to knee position and the infant was taken out from behind. On the off chance that the births were troublesome, lady would sing tunes to the divine beings to request help. A custom held by the Norse individuals is having feasts. They held these after things, for example, a marriage, fruitful exchange, or attack. At the dining experience the dinner comprised of pork meat, goat meat, hamburger and bread that had seeds to include flavor. The Norse individuals drank wine, lager and mead, a solid mixed beverage produced using nectar. Another custom they had was cutting runes (their letters in order) into their weapons; they accepted this gave them assurance during fight. One of the numerous celebrations that the Norse praised was Jul; a celebration of 12 evenings. This is the most significant occasion of all. The evening of December twentieth the god Ingvi Freyr rides over the earth on the rear of his sparkling hog bringing light and love once again into the world. This story later advanced and changed into the god Wotan (Odin) charging over the sky on his eight legged pony a sleipnir. Kids would leave roughage and sugar in their boots for sleipnir, consequently Wotan would leave them a present for their consideration. The dim hairy Wotan transformed into Santa Claus, and the eight legged pony sleipnir turned into the reindeer. One of the most unmistakable customs was relinquishing (blotch), and a common devouring the meat of the creature that was yielded, and drinking brew and mead were additionally an enormous part in the blowouts. The Norse individuals had their own sort of letters in order; â€Å"One of the manners in which that students of history have increased a knowledge into the lives of the Norse individuals is through their composed relics, for the most part found on stone commemorations. The Norse individuals composed utilizing the 16 runes (letters) of the futhork (letters in order). Every rune not just speaks to a phonetic sound (like the current letters in order), however can likewise speak to an article. The principal rune, for instance, can not exclusively be perused as 'f,' yet can signify 'dairy cattle' or 'wealth.'† Because of having no paper they cut runes into bones, weapons, and rocks, wood and metal. The runes were utilized to mark, and monitor things. They were likewise cunning individuals; the ladies made dresses themselves and the men fixed the homestead hardware and weapons themselves. Woven artworks and weavings were found at their settlement just as woodwinds and panpipes. This gives us a brief look into their life, and their conceivable love of music. Perhaps the biggest symbol in the Norse culture is the Viking transport it was utilized as a war and exchanging vessel however had an extraordinary structure and craftsmanship. The biggest workmanship we have from this time

Letter requesting OPT addressed to DSO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter mentioning OPT routed to DSO - Essay Example A portion of the ideas that I have obtained through the course incorporate administration data frameworks, business techniques, money, law, promoting and bookkeeping among others. These ideas and different ideas in business organization are firmly identified with the job of a business examiner in different manners. Initially, business organization furnished one with an establishment for understanding business procedures, methodologies, and the general business condition. The course has additionally acclimated me with the philosophies, devices, and procedures associated with the effective investigation of organizations. I have extraordinary administration aptitudes having held various authority positions at school. I appreciate cooperation and joint effort so as to accomplish a typical goal. I can catch on quickly and create capabilities in various regions including monetary demonstrating, relative examination, similar investigation, charge arranging, and speculation methodologies. Notwithstanding my expository abilities, I additionally have propelled PC aptitudes. I have ability in different PC programs including MS office suits and programing dialects, for example, SQL, VB, and HTML. I have appends an example of my resume for thought. I would value the chance to come at your premises for a meeting where I can expand more on my abilities I connection to the

Advanced art comparing two artists - 275 Words

Advanced art: comparing two artists (Essay Sample) Content: Advanced art Student’s Name University Affiliation Date M. Puryear and R. Serra compare in terms of materials because both artists never were essentialists in materials and subject matter. Indeed, both artists did not follow in anyone’s footsteps and rather sought to exercise freedom in terms of materials used and working practice. Both artists did not invest themselves in specific materials. In addition, the scale of their work compares in its giant scale and their artistic intent, which reveals that they wanted their work to transform minimalism to a theater form. Influences for Puryear and Serra’s work stemmed out of process art, which in turn was based on action painting concept in which the emphasis was on the significance on the process of creating art (Elderfield, 2006). This signified a marked shift from art being viewed in terms of artwork itself. M. Puryear and R. Serra compare also contrast in terms of materials w ith Serra relying on pre-fabricated industrial material as well as manufacturing processes in assembling large-scale and site specific installations. Conversely, Puryear utilized different wood varieties for non-monumental artwork, which required the knowledge related to joinery as well as other non-art craftsmanship characteristics. Their working practice differed with Puryear adopting such values as sensitivity toward material, which Serra did not reveal in his working practice. In terms of scale, the two arti...

The Relationship Between Gender Roles And Governmental...

Connection between Gender Roles and Governmental Opportunities Frida Pineda South Texas College Abstract This paper shares six articles chosen at random over studies made of gender roles and governmental elections. Although not every article provides the same idea or belief, most of them do. Therefore if there is an opposite argument, you are going to able to see why and at the end, we found ideas as to why they do not agree with us. And even when there is not an official response of gender being a problem, we can speculate that it’s true, gender roles are a big part in government. Introduction Nowadays we live in a society where social issues are a big thing, which is one of the main reasons as to why there’s not as much†¦show more content†¦Literature Review This first article by Shirley Rosenwasser and Norma Dean shows the underrepresentation of women, it is shown by two studies made to college students. In Study 1, the â€Å"masculinity/femininity† of governmental office held positions were analyzed and rated as how â€Å"feminine† or â€Å"masculine† they were. One hundred thirty-three college students were recruited from introductory psychology classes at Southwest Texas State University (Rosenwasser Dean, 1989). Participants were asked to describe how distinguished they thought each office was, as well as the rate of importance of each holding office. In Study 2, thirty-nine men and eighty-three women were recruited again from the same class (Rosenwasser Dean, 1989). However, now they were asked to read one of the four descriptions of a hypothetical candidate, and they had to base their answers on the hypothetical example. After, they needed to evaluate the candidates to show their level of efficacy. Esti mating the chances of someone winning the election was the next step. And finally, participants rated the importance of each presidential task. There was a discussion following the studies, Study 1 showed that â€Å"masculine† descriptors were far more important than â€Å"feminine† descriptors. And Study 2 showing, that although, women and â€Å"feminine† candidates were rated more competent in feminine tasks as well as men with â€Å"masculine† tasks, students still rated â€Å"masculine† tasks more

The Theory Of Growth And Development - 1499 Words

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Intermediaries in International Conflict-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the International Conflict. Answer: The term international conflict means the conflict between different states, organization, or different peoples of different regions. However, the term applies to inter-group conflicts i.e, when groups with different objectives fight within a country to gain socio-economic-political power. International conflicts can be grouped into private-sector international conflict and public-sector international conflict. A conflict is said to have arise between two or more countries or conflict between national governments. Private conflicts can be or similar to private domestic interpersonal and business conflicts. The international business conflicts are generally resolved through arbitration in any of the international arbitration organizations. The other group of conflicts is the public international conflicts are difficult and complicated to resolve. The public international conflict is restricted and limited to nations or states. In last few decades, we have noticed innumerable internati onal conflicts, which were actually inter group or communal conflicts within a particular state or nation. The main issue of such dispute is related to political, socio, and economic groups. For instance, a conflict between a US compute company and the Japanese software company is a private international conflict. There was a contract between the Japanese company and the US computer company to supply ten thousand motherboards to the US computer company, but the Japanese company failed to supply the full amount of motherboards as per the contract and it triggers to arise international conflict. This type of conflicts are easy to handle and can be easily resolved by way of negotiation or other means of resolving process. Public international conflict can be easily understood by the example of US and Taliban in Afghanistan or conflict between India and Pakistan related to international boundaries. However, conflicts are considered international when there is an involvement of any inter national government or organization. Public conflicts are generally handled and resolved by the international organizations Such as ICJ or United Nations Organization. There are various process of resolving these international disputes through negotiation, facilitation, alternative dispute resolution, arbitration, mediation and many more. However, negotiation is the best form of dispute resolution process in the international conflict and should be used as the first step to resolve international conflict. Negotiation is the process of negotiating and come to a mutual compromise by way of discussions. Everyone has to go through the process of negotiation in our life starting from discussions with parents to communications with other people for the remainder of our life. Negotiation is the process of obtaining and finds a way to overcome a difficulty (Snyder and Diesing 2015). We all think that negotiation is a part of resolving disputes and overcoming the difficulties but it is more that that as it includes the tool to achieve a goal through interaction and communication. Negotiation is a part of Alternative Dispute Redressal system, which has a common goal to achieve and resolve disputes. Negotiation is the best way of resolving and settlement of dispute and should always be used as the first step in dispute resolution process where two or more persons communicate with each other to come to a mutual settlement (Goldberg et al, 2014). Negotiation as a process of dispute settlement can be setup at any time, at any place, and among any number of parties to arrive at the end of discussion and argument. The conditions of negotiation should be kept in mind to conduct the best negotiation process and settle any dispute that arises between two or more parties. The negotiator must identify the parties to the dispute to start a negotiation process. The parties to the negotiation should have a mutual interest in resolving the dispute, until and unless the parties have a mutual interest or a common objective or goal to settle the dispute, it has no reason to negotiate. The parties to the negotiation should be willing to negotiate and arrive at mutual position where both the parties to the dispute will be satisfied. When there arises a deadlock situation and no parties to the negotiation can arrive or s not willing to arrive and resolve the dispute, the parties must apply the process of BATNA (Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement). The negotiators will succeed in the process of negotiation when they have the authority to arrive at an agreement with the parties and bind the parties to the negotiation (Merrills 2017). Negotiation is the process, which is based on situations and circumstances, and it goes through different set of phases. Negotiation does not have a structure but it cannot be said that no negotiation have a structure. Negotiations go through the phases of discovery of facts and parties position in settlement of dispute. The phases of negotiation include pre-negotiation, conceptualization, bargaining, and settlement. In the very first stage the parties must identify the shared interest in the settlement of dispute and select the medium of successful interaction. The parties must conceptualize, identify, and communicate each partys position and understanding of the subject. The third stage of negotiation should bargain with the other party, establishes each others interest, and recommend for a solution. Finally, the parties reach at an mutual position by way of discussion, compromise and arrangement and reach to an agreement (Wang 2014). Negotiation should be the first step in resolving the dispute between parties. Moreover, the benefits of choosing negotiation as the process of dispute resolution are that everyone is familiar with the process of negotiation. Even the parties to the dispute can settle the dispute with no other interference and has full control and autonomy over the decisions made by them. The process is flexible as the parties to the dispute can settle at any time and at any place and can be taken to any other forum if the dispute is not settled through negotiation. In case of negotiation takes place in a court the losing party has to pay an amount of conveyance to get the enforcement of a court order while in settlement through negotiation it is cost effective and need no enforcement of order the mutual agreement is not required to be enforced separately. Negotiation can take place at any time , it can take place during an arbitration proceeding or even after an decision is passed and the enforcemen t becomes costly (Fisher 2016). Negotiation is possible at any time and it is an alternative system of resolving dispute, which is currently in trend. The parties to the dispute should have willingness to conduct the negotiation as well as the desire to settle the dispute through negotiation and then only the negotiation will be successful. Thus, negotiation should be a problem solving approach and is mutually acceptable by the parties but it needs much openness and trust (Menkel and Schneider 2014). Negotiation has its advantages on cost effectiveness. Negotiation is cost free and is familiar with general processes of life. Negotiation is the quickest form of the dispute resolution as the negotiator or the parties are familiar with the subject. Moreover, they have the ability to recognize and react quickly to the areas of dispute and can be resolved at its earliest. The parties to the negotiation meet face to face to discuss and communicate regarding the dispute and come to an agreement (Zwier 2013). This carries an advantage in aiding communication; familiarity with the subject enables quick decision-making and increases the chances of settlement. The process is flexible and the parties to the dispute do not have to depend on a third party for the discussion. Negotiations a can be conducted over telephone, video call which is time saving as well as cost effective. (Princen 2014). We know that nothing is perfect and nothing remains perfect in this world. Negotiation is not an exception to the rule. The flexibility and cost effectiveness is the main weakness of negotiations (Lall 2014). Speed is always a positive approach for resolving dispute. However, if the parties could not judge the outcome of the discussion or settlement then the dispute can arise again. In the same way speed can also become an disadvantage to any of the parties to the settlement of dispute as the power in resolving the dispute ends with an unbalanced settlement. The party who hold the power in hand can influence the settlement, so it is necessary to have a regulation, which will guide the settlement of dispute and provide a fair solution. Moreover, the implementation of the solution or the enforcement of it is difficult as the settlement is not guided by a proper regulation. Negotiation can end at any time; parties to the negotiation can leave the process at any time. Personal and cultur al differences may not successful in case of negotiation (Blake, Browne and Sime 2016). Therefore, negotiation should be the first step towards resolution of the dispute. Disputes are settled quickly with cost effective means and having a flexible approach. However, the communication can be difficult if the parties do not understand the realistic position. Personal enmity or bad feelings from the past can restrict the smooth process of communication and compromise for the dispute settlement References: Goldberg, S.B., Sander, F.E., Rogers, N.H. and Cole, S.R., 2014.Dispute resolution: Negotiation, mediation and other processes. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Merrills, J., 2017.International dispute settlement. Cambridge university press. Wang, M., 2014. Are alternative dispute resolution methods superior to litigation in resolving disputes in international commerce?.Arbitration International,16(2), pp.189-212. Menkel-Meadow, C.J. and Schneider, A.K., 2014.Negotiation: Processes for Problem Solving. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Princen, T., 2014.Intermediaries in international conflict. Princeton University Press. Blake, S., Browne, J. and Sime, S., 2016.A practical approach to alternative dispute resolution. Oxford University Press. Snyder, G.H. and Diesing, P., 2015.Conflict among nations: Bargaining, decision making, and system structure in international crises. Princeton University Press. Fisher, R.J., 2016. Third party consultation: A method for the study and resolution of conflict. InRonald J. Fisher: A North American Pioneer in Interactive Conflict Resolution(pp. 37-71). Springer International Publishing. Lall, A.S. ed., 2014.Multilateral negotiation and mediation: instruments and methods. Elsevier. Zwier, P.J., 2013.Principled negotiation and mediation in the international arena: talking with evil. Cambridge U

Introduction to Linguistics free essay sample

What is meant by the field of linguistics? This introductory chapter concerns some dimensions of linguistics, which give us a general idea of what linguistics is, including the history of linguistic, grammar, and other disciplines of linguistics study. What does grammar consist of and what are the relationship between one and another? How many languages do human beings have the capacity to acquire? What other studies are made in recent centuries? Each of these aspects are clearly described, and other chapters will go into further details.While in this chapter we will provide some less detailed information on the various aspects of linguistics mentioned so far. 1. 1 Defining Linguistics There is nothing that can be said by mathematical symbols and relations which cannot also be said by words. The converse, however, is false. Much that can be and is said by words cannot successfully be put into equations, because it is nonsense. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Linguistics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page C. Truesdell Linguistics is a study to describe and explain the human faculty of language. There is no doubt that linguistics has changed through human development. 1. 1. 1 History of linguisticsThe history of linguistics can be divided into three periods: antiquity, middle ages and modern linguistics. Antiquity Dating back to earlier period of linguistics, linguistics is often associated with a need to disambiguate discourse, especially for ritual texts or in arguments. Ancient Indians made a big contribution to linguistics development. Similarly, ancient Chinese played a key role in improving linguistics development. Around the same time as the Indian developed, ancient Greek philosophers were also debating the nature and origins of language.During this period, syntax and the use of particles developed fast. In addition, scholars proposed that word meanings are derived from sentential usage. 1. 1. 1. 2 Middle Ages In Middle East, in terms of expanding Islam in 8th century, a large number of people learn Arabic. Because of this, the earliest grammar came to being gradually. At the same time, Sibawayh, a famous scholar, wrote a book to distinguish phonetics from phonology. In the 13th century, Europeans introduced the notion of universal grammar. Modern Linguistics Modern linguistics beginning can date back to the late 18th century.With time passing by, the study of linguistics contains increasing contents. Meanwhile, it is used in other fields, computer, e. g. , has come to be called computational linguistics. The study of applications (as the recovery of speech ability) is generally known as applied linguistics. But in a narrower sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories of language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second language. Other related branches include anthropological linguistics, neurological linguistics, mathematical linguistics, and computational linguistics.However, linguistics is only a part of a much larger academic discipline, semiotics. It is the scientific study of language. It studies not just one single language of any one society, just like Chinese or French, but the language of all human beings. A linguist, though, does not have to know and use a large number of languages, but to investigate how each language is constructed. In short, linguistics studies the general principles whereupon all human languages are constructed and operated as systems of communication in their societies or communities. 1. 1. 2 An Interesting ComparisonLinguistics is a broad field to study, therefore, a linguist sometimes is only able to deal with one aspect of language at a time, and thus various branches arise: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, applied linguistics, pragmatics, psycholinguistics, lexicology, lexicography, etymology and so on. Suppose that the study of linguistics can be considered to be a computer, so linguistics is equal to the CPU, which supports all the other parts. Moreover, sound card would stand for phonetics and phonology, and then morphology and semantics are like the memory of the computer.Whats more, syntax plays as an important role to translate single words to a whole sentence which is full of meaning, just like a graphics card, which uses picture to make sense of the idea of memory stick. Finally, everything is ready, it s time to use computer and the same goes for language acquisition. Very interestingly, the properties of computer are amazingly similar to human language. from www. iflytek. com/english/Research-Introduction%20to%20TTS. htm Above all, linguistics is concerned with the study of verbal language particularly speech and written language.Whats more, language is a system and there is a set of options of which one must be chosen depending on the purpose and context. (Marie E. John P. , 1991, p. 64). 1. 2 The broad study of language Language is a highly complex system of communication, so it sometimes will be called a ‘system of systems’. It is used to construct, exchange, express, and record information and ideas. It performs these functions effectively because it is based upon systems that are understood by those using the language. In this chapter, four topics will be concerned.They are phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. In this section, some overall definitions and interactions among the four parts will be talked about. 1. 2. 1 Phonology In order to assist learners at the early stages of literacy, it is very important to understand the relationship between sounds and letters. The sounds of speech are studied in phonetics and phonology. (Marie E. John P, 1991) 1. 2. 1. 1 Definitions of phonology and phonetics Phonology is the study of sound systems- the invention of distinctive speech sounds that occurs in a language and the patterns wherein they fall.In other words, we study the abstract side of the sounds of language, a related but different subject that we call phonology (Peter, 2000). In short, it is about patterns and roots. On the other hand, it is more strict linguistics. Phonetics is the science which studies the characteristics of human sound-making, especially sounds used in speech, and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. In common, speech sound is used everywhere, and it can be divided into three parts: articulatory phonetics, auditory phonetics, and acoustic phonetics. . 2. 1. 2 The difference between phonology and phonetics It seems that phonology and phonetics are similar. That is why both of them make learners confused. In fact, they have great difference. Phonology pays attention to how speech sounds of a language pattern are put together according to regular rules. On the contrary, phonetics focuses mainly on description of how speech sounds are made. For instance, if someone says â€Å"we should get our two lips close together and then push them open with a strong air†, that means he or she is relevant to phonetics field.

Come See essays

Come See essays Prejudice. Discrimination. Hate. Genocide. Concentration camps. Ethnic cleansing. Throughout the course of the history of the world, it has experienced many dark and evil times. From the Nazis of Germany, to the recent tragedies of September 11th, we as a society have come together time and time again to rise from the peril and become even stronger. What happens though, when our own country decides to go through with a grave injustice? The feelings and reactions to this were portrayed excellently in the film, Come See the Paradise. The movie relives a time during World War II when we as Americans decided to discriminate Japanese-Americans. In this memo I will include a synopsis of the movie and will also my add my personal feelings and reflections on the effect of this movie. The movie opens in Brooklyn, New York. The year is 1936. We are introduced to our main character, Jack (played by Dennis Quaid) inside a movie theater. Jack and his group of Union members set fire to this theater. It is then learned that he is a member of the movie theater union in New York. This failed attack on this theater prompts our Irishman lead character to be kicked out of his union and told to lay low for awhile. Jack is left with no where to turn so he heads to San Francisco to live with his brother and find a real job. He is quickly kicked out of his brothers house and finds a job at a theater found in China town. Jacks arrival to this small theater leads to a friendship with the owners son , Charlie. The two bond and go to lunch everyday. This is when Jack becomes infatuated with his sister, Lily. She joins them for something to eat one day and Jack, wasting no time, kisses her. Their innocent kisses turn into dates which infuriates Lilys father. Jack is quickly fired and forbidden to see Lily again. The beautiful thing about love though, is that absence makes the heart grow fonder. There was nothing that would s...

Economic History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic History - Essay Example Some believe that the living standard of the common worker fell during the revolution, while others are of the view that it rose and everyone was better off. This essay will try to review the factors that contributed to the industrial revolution to be adopted first of all by England, rather than by any other European country. Though it is hard to pinpoint, but most historians agree that the Industrial Revolution basically originated in England with a series of social and technological innovations. Between 1760 and 1860, the progress in technology and education and an increasing capital stock, transformed England into the workshop of the world. This transformation came to be known as the Industrial Revolution, which gave rise to the income of not only its people; but as its effects spread, to the rest of the Western world as well. Historians also agree that this revolution was one of the most important historical events, making it possible for a rapid transition to the modern age, but disagree with the different aspects of this event. A question that really interests economic historians is that why did the eighteenth century industrial revolution start in Europe rather than in any other part of the world, like France and China or India. Though numerous factors like ecology, government and culture have been suggested but some historian argue that as China and Europe were similar in the 1700s, the crucial difference which resulted in the Industrial Revolution in Europe were the sources of coal and other raw material near the manufacturing centers. This allowed Europe to economically expand in a way China could not. Some also credit the difference in the belief systems as Europe focuses on the individual, while the Chinese beliefs are centered round relationships between people. Similarly, India was spilt up into many kingdoms, each fighting for supremacy. Its economy was dependent on cotton and agriculture and technological innovations were completely non-existent. The palace treasuries with huge amount of wealth, was easily moved to Britain making it more convenient for England to use it as needed. England also had huge natural financial profits which it gained from its many overseas colonies. Moreover, the aristocracy in continental Europe believed that as compared to the common people, they were born with higher virtues and the pursuit of money was a characteristic of lower class. The capitalistic and mercantile in England as well as the whole of Europe was achieved by the middle or the non-aristocratic classes. 'Why was England First:' According to Crafts (1977) the comparative approach to the two problems posed by the Industrial Revolution are why the breakthrough took place in Western Europe, and within Europe, where and when did it occur. It provides valuable insight into the economical growth from the general perspective and a better understanding of England's economic growth from the aspect of the Industrial Revolution. Crouzet (1967) is also of the view that this comparative approach can be greatly helpful for those economic historians who are particularly interested in the key problem of growth. And by systematically comparing the

Business Strategy of a New Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Strategy of a New Business - Essay Example These success drivers are obvious but it is amazing how many businesses ignore their importance. This is particularly true in difficult markets or economic recession where short term financial constraints lead to cost cutting. The mission of the new business is to provide high-quality delivery services to wide target audience. The original mission has made it clear that it is in the relatively unexploited sector that the new business sees its clearest opportunity for innovation. The new business sets out to create a range of high-quality services that are distinctive in type. The main goals and strategic objectives are to get and keep a customer. Also, the new delivery company is aimed to achieve competitive advantage and sustainable competitive creating value for their customers, select markets where they can excel and present a moving target to their competitors by continually improving their position. Three of the most important factors are innovation, quality and low cost (Chase and Jacobs 54). This technique is intended to capture the key characteristics of the environment in which the business operates. These factors, which may be supportive or constraining to the future development of the organization, provide the backcloth' against which the future strategies and plans must be formulated. In product delivery industry, corporate resources are balanced both internally and externally. Internal balance is achieved by the coordination of all marketing activity and its integration with the other areas of the business. External balance is concerned with the continuous adjustment of a company to its market environments through changes in product, price, package, channels, advertising, and selling. In this sense, marketing forces are viewed by the new venture as shaping the total organization and all the business functions (Drejer 92). Political changes do not have a great impact on this business. A special attention should be paid to economic processes (gas and oil prices) and demographic changes. Changing environments create market opportunities for the delivery company that must be reflected in adaptive corporate action. Resources cannot merely be directed to the cultivation of old markets if competitive positions are to be enhanced (Schien 77). Core Competencies For the new delivery company, core competencies are clear distinctive brand proposition and low cost, exceptional service quality and effective solutions for customers. Strategy theory based on core competencies-or technology, since these two words are not clearly defined as mutually exclusive conceptions-has become an alternative approach to strategy making. The new business deliberately plans a competitive strategy based on excessive inventory levels and long customer lead times (Pittengrew et al 71). Thus, there are some deficiencies in the organizational systems that can be solved only through a process of systems improvement. The applicability of operations strategies mentioned above is obviously greater in processes producing high volumes. The ideas for waste reduction used in conjunction with these systems are generally applicable: setup time reduction, better quality control,

Southeast Asian in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Southeast Asian in the US - Essay Example It has been statistically proven that the influx of refugees in Massachusetts from the East and Southeast Asia is on the rise since the number grew from 169 (2006) to 498 (2009) (Refugee and Immigrant Health Program, Massachusetts Department of Public Health 1). The Southeast Asian refugees come from diverse and distinct cultures across the world that makes it impossible to assimilate them in a unified group. The Massachusetts government was amazed by the complex diversity of the large refugee groups, who flew their country owing to various historical circumstances. In addressing the current refugee problems, there is a need for a perspective development that takes care of some consistencies in terms of the refugee behavior and experience. This development perspective would help in addressing the social and psychological problems of the refugees, and in the same context, the refugee behavior can be socially patterned. This developed perspective strategy would help in analyzing the refugee problems from historical, comparative and general views. These analytical views prioritize the refugee problems as recurring with identifiable characteristics, casualty sets and similar patterns of behavior. Indeed this analysis will help in treating speci fic refugee problems as atypical, unique and personal historical events in line with the general subject. The refugee problems, behavior and situations, which occur in many regions, contexts and times should also be carefully analyzed. Another experience with the Southeast Asian refugees is little analysis given to the refugee camps. Only a few materials exist in the camps, and just a few scholars have made attempts to examine the effects of experience at the camps on the refugee behavior. Still, there are no camps classification systems nor some of the important camp experience elements.

The State of Nature and its Implications for Civilization in Hobbes and

The State of Nature and its Implications for Civilization in Hobbes and Rousseau In his Leviathan Thomas Hobbes expresses a philosophy of civilization which is both practical and just and stems from a clear moral imperative. He begins with the assertion that in the state of nature man is condemned to live a life â€Å"solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short.† It is in the interest of every man to rise above this â€Å"state of nature† and to give up certain rights so that the violent nature of the human animal can be subdued. Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s vision of the state of nature parallels that of Hobbes but for its more optimistic tone: â€Å"I assume that men reach a point where the obstacles to their preservation in a state of nature prove greater than the strength that each man has to preserve himself in that state.† In general, Rousseau’s words prove reasonably less severe than Hobbes’s. According to Hobbes the bestial rights that a man is forced to give up must also be given up by every other man if civilization is to quell the state of nature. This surrendering of rights then forms covenant of peace which mankind has agreed upon collectively to rise above the state of nature. Hobbes argues that it is human reason that has necessarily led men to embrace this covenant: â€Å"And Reason suggesteth convenient Articles of Peace, upon which men may be drawn to agreement . . . .† These Articles of Peace Hobbes calls â€Å"Laws of Nature† and argues that while they do not exist in a state of nature they are nonetheless natural laws which potentially exist there. â€Å"A Law of Nature (Lex Naturalis,) is a Precept, or generall Rule, found out by Reason, by which a man is forbidden to do, that, which is destructive of his life, or taketh away the means of preserving the same; and to omit, that, by which he thinketh it may be best preserved.† That is, a n atural law is a result of a reasoning which commands that each man protect his own life. With the state of nature as terrible as Hobbes describes it, it is reasonable for a man to wish to put an end to it, as he then has a greater chance of protecting his own life. Without certain agreements between individuals they interact in a manner in which they are all a constant threat to one another. Therefore Hobbes arrives at the first fundamental law of nature: â€Å"That every man, ought to endeavour Peace, as farre as he has hope of obtain... ...iety, both agree that their contemporary world is not a world of the human animal. Changes have occurred not only in the way humans are ordered, but in humans themselves as well. Their theories differ in their beliefs about these changes. Hobbes is able to recognize the current state of man as having transcended its most basic nature. Rousseau agrees with Hobbes but assumes even more of man. He believes that it is possible not only for humans to be at peace but also to be free. Just how far society has transcended the state of nature in today’s world is debatable, but one gets the feeling in reading these two authors that Hobbes underestimates human nature and Rousseau overestimates it. Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in the middle, for many societies today are barely able to achieve peace within their borders, while a handful can truly be said to have a liberated populace. It is certainly no coincidence, however, that Rousseau’s vision of society heralds liberty a s its highest ideal and that the most progressive states of today do likewise. Mankind’s ever evolving flight from the state of nature moves people to continually expect more from their society – as well as themselves.

Introduction to Oboe and Bassoon

An Introduction Oboe and Bassoon By Marie A Rogers 300005290 Woodwind Techniques 1 1010-1100 Mr. Robinson The oboe is a soprano-range double reed instrument with a length of 62cm. Its wooden tube is distinguished by a conical bore that expands into a flaring bell. The modern oboe’s range extends from the B flat below middle C (b3 flat) to about 3 octaves higher (A6). The oboe has a very narrow conical bore. It is played with a double reed consisting of two thin blades of cane tied together on a small metal tube called a staple, which is inserted into the reed socket at the top of the instrument.Traditionally made from African Blackwood, also called grenadilla, the instrument is made in 3 parts. The top joint has 10 or 11 holes, most of which are manipulated by the players left hand. The bottom joint also has 10 holes, which are predominately controlled by the right hand. The bell has 2 keys that are not used very much by the player. Oboe History The baroque oboe first appeared in the French court in the mid-17th century, where it was called â€Å"hautbois†. This name was also used for its predecessor, the shawm. The basic form of the hautbois was derived from the shawm.Major differences between the two instruments include division into 3 sections or joints, for the hautbois, and the elimination of the pirouette, a cup placed over the reed that enabled the shawm players to produce greater volume. The latter develop more than any other, was responsible for bringing the hautbois indoors where, thanks to its more refined sound and style of playing, it took up a permanent place in the orchestra. Classical period brought upon an oboe whose bore was gradually narrowed, and the instrument became outfitted with several keys, among them were those for the notes D#, F, and G#.A key similar to the modern octave key was also added called the â€Å"slur key†. It was used more like the â€Å"flick† keys on the modern German Bassoon. Only later did French instrument makers redesign the octave key to be used in the manner of the modern key i. e. held open or upper register, closed for lower. The narrower bore allowed the higher notes to be played easier, and composers began to utilize the upper register of the oboe in their works. Oboe Reeds Most professional oboists make their own reeds since every oboist needs a slightly different reed to suit his or her individual needs.By making their own reeds, oboists can precisely control factors such as tone color and intonation. Novice players often begin playing on â€Å"fibrecane reed† which is made of synthetic material. Fibrecane reeds are much easier for the novice to control and take a shorter amount of time to ‘break in†, and usually last longer. After learning on fibrecane reeds, which are available in several degrees of hardness, a medium reed usually being used. These reed, like Clarinet and Bassoon reeds are made of arundo donax. Different types of OboesTh e oboe has several family members. The most widely known today is the Cone Anglais or English Horn, the tenor (or alto) member of the family. A transposing instrument, it is pitched in F, a perfect 5th lower than the oboe. The Oboe d’ Amore the alto (or mezzo soprano) member of the family, is pitched in A, a minor 3rd lower than the Oboe. A less commonly played instrument is the Bass Oboe which is an octave lower than the oboe. Even less common is the Hecklephone, which has a wider bore and larger tone than the bass oboe. Only 165 hecklephones have ever been made.Its hard to find competent players because of the rarity of the instrument. The least common is the mussette or (piccolo oboe), the sopranino member of the family (usually pitched in Eflat or F above the oboe), and the Contrabass Oboe ( typically pitched in C, 2 octaves deeper than the standard oboe). The Bassoon Bassoon is a member of the double-reed family, and generally plays in the bass and tenor registers. The b assoon plays most commonly in concert bands, orchestras and chamber ensembles. It is a non transposing instrument.The bassoon is generally made of maple, with medium hard types of wood, such as sycamore, maple and sugar maple preferred. Less expensive models are also made of materials such as polypropylene and ebonite, primarily for student and outdoor use. The bassoon is 4. 4 feet long. The bore of the bassoon is conical, and the two parallel bores of the boot joint are connected at the bottom of the instrument with a U- shaped metal connector. Both bore and tone holes are precision machined, and each instrument is finished by hand for proper tuning.The bocal connects the reed to the rest of the instrument and is inserted into a socket at the top of the wing joint. The range of the bassoon begins at bflat 1 and extends upward over 3 octaves. Bassoon history Earlier bassoons were called â€Å"Dulcian†. They two instruments are quite similar; they both have a double reed fitte d into a metal crook, obliquely drilled tone holes, and a conical bore that doubles back on itself. The origins of the dulcian are not clear, but by the mid 16th century it was available in 8 different sizes from soprano to great bass.Its primary function seems to have been to provide the bass in a typical wind band of the time. Early â€Å"dulcian† technique was rather primitive, with 8 finger holes and generally one key, indicating that it could only play in a few keys. The Baroque period was when the bassoon became very similar to what it is today. The man most likely responsible for developing the true Bassoon was Martin Hottorre. He was responsible for breaking the instrument down the one-piece dulcian into 4 sections (bell, bass joint, boot and wing joint).The modern Bassoon exists in two distinct primary forms the Buffett system and the Heckle system. Most of the world plays the Heckle system, while the Buffett system is primarily in France, Belgium, and parts of Latin America. Bassoon techniques The Bassoon is held diagonally in front of the player, but unlike the flute, oboe, and clarinet, it cannot be supported by the players hands alone. Some means of additional support is required; the most common ones used are a neck strap or shoulder harness attached to the top of the boot joint, a seat trap attached to the base of the boot joint which is laid across the chair seat prior to sitting down. To stabilize the right hand, many Bassoonists use an adjustable common shaped apparatus called a â€Å"crutch†, which mounts to the boot joint. An aspect of Bassoon playing technique called flicking involves the momentary pressing or â€Å"flicking† of the high A, C, and D keys by the left hand thumb at the beginning of certain note in the middle octave in order to eliminate the cracking or brief microphonic that happens without the use of the key.Bassoon Reeds Bassoon reeds, made of Arundo donax cane, are often made by the players themselves , although beginner bassoonists tend to buy their reeds from professional reed makers or use reeds made by their teachers. Reeds begin with a length of tube cane that is split into three or four pieces. The cane is then trimmed and gouged to the desired thickness, leaving the bark attached. After soaking, the gouged cane is cut to the proper shape and milled to the desired thickness, or profile, by removing material from the bark side.This can be done by hand with a file; more frequently it is done with a machine or tool designed for the purpose. After the profiled cane has soaked once again it is folded over in the middle. Prior to soaking, the reed maker will have lightly scored the bark with parallel lines with a knife; this ensures that the cane will assume a cylindrical shape during the forming stage. On the bark portion, the reed maker binds on three coils or loops of brass wire to aid in the final forming process. The exact placement of these loops can vary somewhat depending on the reed maker.The bound reed blank is then wrapped with thick cotton or linen thread to protect it, and a conical steel mandrel (which sometimes has been heated in a flame) is quickly inserted in between the blades. Using a special pair of pliers, the reed maker presses down the cane, making it conform to the shape of the mandrel. (The steam generated by the heated mandrel causes the cane to permanently assume the shape of the mandrel. ) The upper portion of the cavity thus created is called the â€Å"throat†, and its shape has an influence on the final playing characteristics of the reed.The lower, mostly cylindrical portion will be reamed out with a special tool, allowing the reed to fit on the bocal. After the reed has dried, the wires are tightened around the reed, which has shrunk after drying. The lower part is sealed (a nitrocellulose-based cement such as Duco may be used) and then wrapped with thread to ensure both that no air leaks out through the bottom of the reed and that the reed maintains its shape. The wrapping itself is often sealed with Duco or clear nail varnish (polish).The bulge in the wrapping is sometimes referred to as the â€Å"Turk's head†Ã¢â‚¬â€it serves as a convenient handle when inserting the reed on the bocal. To finish the reed, the end of the reed blank, originally at the center of the unfolded piece of cane, is cut off, creating an opening. The blades above the first wire are now roughly 27–30 mm (1. 1–1. 2 in) long. In order for the reed to play, a slight bevel must be created at the tip with a knife, although there is also a machine that can perform this function. Other adjustments with the knife may be necessary, depending on the hardness and profile of the cane and the requirements of the player.The reed opening may also need to be adjusted by squeezing either the first or second wire with the pliers. Additional material may be removed from the sides (the â€Å"channels†) or tip to b alance the reed. Additionally, if the â€Å"e† in the staff is sagging in pitch, it may be necessary to â€Å"clip† the reed by removing 1–2 mm (0. 039–0. 079 in) from its length. Playing styles of individual bassoonists vary greatly; because of this, most advanced players will make their own reeds, in the process customizing them to their individual playing requirements.

Pronouncing the Spanish G and J

The g in Spanish can one of the more difficult letters to pronounce, at least for those who hope to be precise. The same is true for the j, whose sound it sometimes uses. Beginning Spanish students can think of g has having two sounds, although those who want to be exact will find that the g has three common sounds and a pair of rare situations where it is pronounced very softly if at all. The Quick and Easy Approach to Pronouncing the G The way many English speakers learning Spanish start out is by thinking of Spanish as having two sounds, depending on the letter that follows: Most of the time, the g can be pronounced much like the g in dog or figure. Note that in both of those English words, the g is pronounced somewhat softer or less explosively than the g in words such as goat and good.However, when the g is followed by e or i, it is pronounced something like the letter h, the same as the Spanish j. (In this way, the sound of the g parallels that of the c, which has a hard sound except when it comes before an e or i, in which case it has a softer sound. Both c and g in English often follow a similar pattern.) Note the differences in these phonetic transcriptions. The first three have the hard g sound, while the final two have the h sound: apagar — ah-pag-GARego — EH-gohignicià ³n — eeg-nee-SYOHNagente — ah-HEN-tehgirasol — hee-rah-SOHLgusto — GOO-stohgente  Ã¢â‚¬â€ HEN-teh You should have no difficulty being understood if you follow these pronunciations. However, if you hope to sound more like a native speaker, you should follow the next section. A More Precise Approach to Pronouncing the G Think of the g as have three main sounds: When the g comes immediately before an e or i, it is pronounced like the Spanish j, detailed below.Otherwise, when the g comes after a pause, such as at the beginning of a sentence, or if it doesnt have vowel sounds immediately before and after, the g can be pronounced much like the g in dog or figure.When the g comes between vowels (unless followed by e or i), it is pronounced much softer, and there is no good English equivalent. You might think of it as a mushy version of the above pronunciation, or like something between silence and the above pronunciation. You can hear it pronounced native speakers here. A Pair of Exceptions These three pronunciation take care of nearly all situations. However, there are two significant exceptions: Some speakers intensely soften or even drop the sound of the g in the letter combination gua, especially when it appears at the beginning of the word such as in guapo, guacamole, and guardar. So guapo sounds something like WAH-poh, and guacamole sounds like wah-kah-MOH-leh. This tendency, which can be heard here, is found in many areas and varies even within localities. At the extreme, you may even hear agua pronounced like AH-wah.A few English gerunds (-ing verbs) such as marketing and camping have been adopted into Spanish (often with a slight change in meaning). Most native Spanish speakers cant readily imitate the ng sound well at the end of a word, so the tendency is to end the word with the n sound. Thus marketing may sound like mà ¡rketin, and camping  may sound like campin. In a few cases, such as meeting becoming mà ­tin or mitin, the spelling has been changed to conform with the common pronunciation. Pronouncing the J The j sound is what is known as a voiceless velar fricative, which means that it is formed by forcing air through the slightly constricted back part of the mouth. Its kind of a scraping or raspy sound. If youve learned German, you may know it as the ch sound of Kirche. You may hear it sometimes in English in the word loch when given a Scottish accent or as the initial sound of Hanukkah when an attempt is made to pronounce it as if it were in Hebrew. One way you might think of the sound is as an extended k. Instead of sounding out the k in an explosive fashion, try lengthening the sound. The sound of the j varies with region. In some areas, the j sounds almost like a soft k, and in some places it sounds very close to the h sound in words such as hot or hero. If you give the j the sound of the English h, as many English-speaking Spanish students do, you will be understood, but keep in mind that is only approximate.